Annual Vegetables

  • Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 2-4 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 90-120 days.
  • African Eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Consistent.
    • Spacing: 18-24 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 70-85 days.
  • Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Almost any type but prefers well-draining.
    • Water: Moderate.
    • Spacing: 10-12 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 90-150 days for grain.
  • Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 3-4 feet apart.
    • Harvest: 85-100 days.
  • Arugula (Eruca vesicaria)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Consistent.
    • Spacing: 6-8 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 20-40 days.
  • Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular, but not soggy.
    • Spacing: 10-12 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 50-75 days.
  • Beets (Beta vulgaris)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Loamy, well-draining.
    • Water: Consistent.
    • Spacing: 3-4 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 50-70 days.
  • Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 18-24 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 60-90 days.
  • Bok Choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Consistent.
    • Spacing: 6-10 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 45-60 days.
  • Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular, consistent moisture.
    • Spacing: 18-24 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 85-100 days.
  • Brussels Sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 18-24 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 90-100 days.
  • Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Sandy, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular, deep watering but reduce when fruits are maturing.
    • Spacing: 36-42 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 70-100 days, depending on the variety.
  • Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 24-36 inches apart.
    • Harvest: Fall or winter, before severe frost.
  • Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Sandy, loose, and free of stones.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 2-3 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 50-75 days.
  • Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Consistent.
    • Spacing: 18-24 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 55-100 days.
  • Celeriac (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Consistent.
    • Spacing: 8-12 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 100-120 days.
  • Celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining, with good moisture retention.
    • Water: Consistent.
    • Spacing: 8-10 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 100-130 days.
  • Chayote (Sechium edule)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: Plant 8-10 feet apart as vines get quite large.
    • Harvest: 120-150 days.
  • Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining, sandy loam.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 6-10 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 85-100 days for roots, 30-45 days for leaves.
  • Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Consistent.
    • Spacing: 12-18 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 70-85 days.
  • Chives (Allium schoenoprasum)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 6-8 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 30-60 days.
  • Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Well-draining, light.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 6-8 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 50-55 days for leaves, 90-105 days for seeds.
  • Collard Greens (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Consistent.
    • Spacing: 12-18 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 60-85 days.
  • Corn (Zea mays)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining, nutrient-rich.
    • Water: Consistent, especially during silking.
    • Spacing: 12-15 inches apart with 30-36 inches between rows.
    • Harvest: 60-100 days, depending on the variety.
  • Cress (Lepidium sativum)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: Scatter seeds, thin to 4-6 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 10-15 days.
  • Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining, warm.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 36-60 inches apart, depending on the variety.
    • Harvest: 50-70 days, depending on the variety.
  • Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Well-draining.
    • Water: Moderate.
    • Spacing: 6-8 inches apart.
    • Harvest: Leaves can be picked anytime, roots in the second year.
  • Dill (Anethum graveolens)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 12-15 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 65-70 days for seeds, leaves can be picked younger.
  • Eggplant (Solanum melongena)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 18-24 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 100-120 days.
  • Endive (Cichorium endivia)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 9-12 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 85-100 days.
  • Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 12-18 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 80-90 days for bulbs.
  • Garlic (Allium sativum)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Consistent.
    • Spacing: 4-6 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 180-210 days.
  • Green Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 2-6 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 50-60 days.
  • Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Deep, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 24-30 inches apart.
    • Harvest: After the first frost for best flavor.
  • Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Consistent.
    • Spacing: 12-15 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 50-65 days.
  • Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 4-6 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 55-60 days.
  • Leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 6 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 85-105 days.
  • Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Consistent.
    • Spacing: Depends on type (loose-leaf, 4 inches; romaine and butterhead, 8 inches; iceberg, 12 inches).
    • Harvest: 30-80 days depending on type.
  • Lima Beans (Phaseolus lunatus)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 3-6 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 60-90 days.
  • Mache (Valerianella locusta)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 3-4 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 40-60 days.
  • Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 6-8 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 30-40 days.
  • New Zealand Spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 12 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 50-70 days.
  • Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining, nutrient-rich.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 12-18 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 50-65 days.
  • Onion (Allium cepa)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular, consistent.
    • Spacing: 4-6 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 100-120 days.
  • Pak Choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 6-8 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 30-50 days.
  • Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 6-8 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 70-90 days.
  • Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Deep, well-draining, free from stones.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 3-6 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 110-140 days.
  • Pea (Pisum sativum)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Well-draining, rich in organic matter.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 1-2 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 50-70 days, depending on the variety.
  • Pepper (Capsicum spp.)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining, rich in organic matter.
    • Water: Consistent.
    • Spacing: 12-24 inches apart, depending on variety.
    • Harvest: 60-150 days, depending on variety and desired ripeness.
  • Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Loamy, well-draining, slightly acidic.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 10-12 inches apart with rows 30-36 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 70-120 days, depending on variety and desired size.
  • Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular, but avoid watering the leaves.
    • Spacing: 4-8 feet apart, depending on variety.
    • Harvest: 85-125 days.
  • Radish (Raphanus sativus)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Loose, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 1-2 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 22-50 days, depending on variety.
  • Rutabaga (Brassica napus var. napobrassica)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Consistent.
    • Spacing: 6-8 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 90-100 days.
  • Salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Deep, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 2-3 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 120-150 days.
  • Scallion (Allium fistulosum)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 1-2 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 60-80 days.
  • Sorrel (Rumex acetosa)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 12-15 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 45-60 days.
  • Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 2-3 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 37-50 days.
  • Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 24-36 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 50-65 days.
  • Sweet Corn (Zea mays var. saccharata)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular and consistent.
    • Spacing: 12-15 inches apart with rows 30-36 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 60-95 days, depending on variety.
  • Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Sandy, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 12-18 inches apart with rows 3-4 feet apart.
    • Harvest: 90-120 days.
  • Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 12-15 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 50-60 days.
  • Tatsoi (Brassica narinosa)
    • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 6-8 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 40-50 days.
  • Tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 18-24 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 75-100 days.
  • Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular, avoid watering leaves.
    • Spacing: 24-36 inches apart, depending on variety.
    • Harvest: 50-85 days, depending on variety.
  • Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 2-4 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 30-60 days.
  • Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)
    • Sunlight: Partial shade.
    • Soil: Moist, slightly alkaline.
    • Water: Consistent. Thrives in running water.
    • Spacing: 9-12 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 50-60 days.
  • Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Sandy, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular, deep watering.
    • Spacing: 36-48 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 65-90 days.
  • Wax Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 2-6 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 50-60 days.
  • Winter Melon (Benincasa hispida)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining, fertile.
    • Water: Regular, deep watering.
    • Spacing: 24-36 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 85-110 days.
  • Winter Squash (Cucurbita spp.)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 18-48 inches apart, depending on the variety.
    • Harvest: 80-100 days.
  • Yam Bean/Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining.
    • Water: Regular, but allow soil to dry out between waterings.
    • Spacing: 8-12 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 120-150 days.
  • Yardlong Bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Well-draining, fertile.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 3-4 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 60-80 days.
  • Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica)
    • Sunlight: Full sun.
    • Soil: Fertile, well-draining.
    • Water: Regular.
    • Spacing: 24-36 inches apart.
    • Harvest: 40-50 days.